上智大学（2月3日実施）

次の文章はカントの死をめぐる空想上のインタビュー報道を扱ったものである。次の(４１)〜(５０)で，語法または文法上の誤りを含む下線部を(a)〜(d)から1つ選びなさい。

(41) Good evening. This is (a)Barbara Wahrheit, speaking to you from the University at Jena, (b)where we have just been attending on a memorial service for the great philosopher Immanuel Kant, (c) who died yesterday in Konigsberg at the age of seventy-nine. Professor Kant (d)leaves behind him what has to be the greatest philosophical legacy of modern times.(42) There is (a)not a poet nor an intellectual in Germany (b)who has not been deeply effected by his work, and in his memory, we have hurriedly (c)put together a symposium of some of the most influential thinkers in Germany, to tell us about their reactions to Kant and the new directions in which they are taking his critical philosophy. We (d)hope that this will be a fitting tribute to the man who has made Germany the center of philosophical life in Europe, probably for the rest of the nineteenth century.

 

(43) We are (a)sorry to announce that two of our invited speakers regret that they are (b)unable to join us in honoring Professor Kant tonight. Friedrich Schiller, the great playwright, tells us that he is very ill and desperately trying to finish his latest play, Wilhelm Tell, (c)which he describes a Kantian drama of freedom. We also regret that the great poet Johan Goethe will not be with us. He explained to me that (d)despite his great admiration of Kant, he thinks himself too poor an abstract thinker to do justice to the great philosopher.

 

(44) (a)With us tonight are six of the leading intellectual lights of German letters. All of them (b)have expressed a lasting debt of gratitude to Immanuel Kant and many of them (c)are beginning to call themselves "German Idealists," (d)to express their allegiance to late Professor.

 

(45) Johan Fichte from Berlin, the most controversial of the neo-Kantians, (a)was fired from the University of Jena in 1799 on a charge of atheism. And yet he (b)sees his entire philosophy as an extension and a systematization of Kant's Critiques. He (c)became instantly popular throughout Germany, in fact, when his first published book, Critique of All Revelation, (d)which was mistaken for Kant's new book on religion, back in 1792. (46) By the time the mistake was corrected, Fichte   (a) had become celebrity. He (b)summarized his own views in his Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre), (c)which has gone through several editions and revisions since 1794 (d)to become one of the most influential books of the decade.

 

(47) On Professor Fichte's right is Friedricht Schelling from the University of Wurzburg, (a)formerly a professor at the University of Jena. Herr Schelling is the bright new star of German Idealism, (b)who was offered a professorship at Jena at age twenty-three, (c)when he had already published a half dozen books. He was once a close friend and disciple of Fichte, but he has now moved off in new directions. (d)which I hope he will be willing to tell us.

 (48) Next, we are pleased to introduce Karl Leonard Reinhold, professor of philosophy at Kiel University, who claims that his philosophy of "rational realism" is (a)much more faithful to Kant than the new "idealism." We are told that (b)an exciting battle is shaping up between the German Idealists and the more conservative Kantians such as Professor Reinhold. Professor Reinhold was once a student of Fichte himself. but he has recently attacked the younger idealists, particularly Schelling. And (c)they have responded to in kind. So (d)this may turn out to be a lively evening as well as a fitting tribute to Kant.

 

(49) Next, we meet Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, who comes to us from the Academy of Sciences at Munich. He (a)was a businessman in a while, but (b)always considered himself first and foremost a philosopher. He has particularly upset many of the orthodox Kantians by taking Kant as a purely subjective idealist. Jacobi believes that Reality (c)cannot be known or understood except through

immediate feeling and belief, or Glaube. He has also upset the German Idealists by insisting that Kant's thought cannot be made into a coherent system, (d)a goal busily being pursued by the Idealists.

 

(50) Friedrich Schlegel (a) is currently living in Paris as the editor of Europa, aliterary magazine. He is the founder of die Romantik or Romanticism, which he bases on the philosophies of Fichte and Schelling. Herr Schlegel insisted that he is not a philosopher but a literary critic; it seemed to us (b)appropriate, nonetheless, to include him here tonight. We have been warned, however, that there is some recent animosity between Schlegel and his one-time friend Schelling, who recently ran off with the wife of Schlegel's brother. (c)Asking recently to define "Romanticism," Schlegel said, "Romantic poetry is progressive universal poetry. It shall not only unite all of poetry, but philosophy and rhetoric too. (d)We will make poetry sociable and society poetic, and animate everything by the vibrations of humor."

 

(Adapted from Solomon, R. C. Introducing the German Idealists: Mock interview  with Kant, Hegel and others and a letter from Schopenhauer. Hackett: 1981, pp.43-44)